Where you start your feet is just one factor to consider. The other main factor to consider is where do you want the ball's breakpoint to be? If the ball is hooking fairly early on the lane, you need to have your breakpoint out closer to the gutter. If the ball is hooking pretty late because it's a longer oil pattern, you need to have your breakpoint further inside toward the headpin. Now the question becomes "where do I need to stand to get the ball to hook into the pocket at that breakpoint?"
You will learn a lot more through experience and working with a coach based on your game. However, I can go ahead and give a simple example here to clarify.
Let's say you are on dry lanes and you want the ball to start hooking on the 7 board (basically right in the middle of where the 1st and 2nd arrows are), standing so that you line straight up with the 7 board is probably going to result in the ball hooking too early and too hard and you'll cross over or miss the headpin entirely. Move your feet and your target a few fewer boards to the left and swing the ball out -- if you've moved the right amount it will go out down the lane to that 7 board and then hook back to the pocket. If the ball still hooks too much and hits heavy, you will need to move your feet and target a little further left. As the lanes start drying up and the ball starts hooking sooner, you may need to move your feet two boards left and your target one board left to compensate.
I can't tell you exactly how you should make your moves as every center plays different and every bowler requires different adjustments. You should try working with a coach to see if he or she can help you figure out your game better.