I'm sure the cost is related to economy of scale, as author states.
If it costs a certain dollar amount to do research and development on an item, and one manufacturer makes 10,000 items, and the other makes 1,000,000, the manufacturer making the 10,000 items has to recoup 100 times the manufacturing cost per item that the manufacturer making 1,000,000 items does.
For example - it costs $1,000,000 to do research, development, and manufacturing engineering set up for a new bowling ball. (I have no idea what the actual costs are - I just want to keep the math simple
)
Manufacturer L makes 10,000 balls of the new line they just developed. They have to recover $100 per ball just to pay for R & D for that line.
Manufacturer B makes 1,000,000 balls of the new line they developed. They have to recover $1 per ball to pay for R & D.
Lane #1 is a very small company. Ferarri doesn't build that many cars, either - compared to Honda or Toyota or GM.
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All things are difficult
before they are easy.
---- Thomas Fuller