I agree with you partially.
"regardless of brand - that enters the pocket at the right angle and speed "hits hard". That is, if "hits hard" means that the pins seem to "explode" back into the pit". Yes, I believe this is correct. I believe that most of the cases, it is psychological.. Ball which will match up with the style and the lane condition, will conserve its energy and hit hard.
However, in my humble experience, sometimes you observe significant difference in hitting power especially on light hits and other inaccurate shots.
Here is my theory:
When ever you apply force on something, there will be always a counter force. For instance, hit on the wall by a plastic hammer. It will bounce. Counter force will reflect most of your hitting power back. This is called "kick back" if my English is not misleading me. Now try it with a steel hammer. Bounce and kick back force will be much more less. If you apply this to the bowling balls and pins, "hitting power" makes sense. More powerful cores (regardless of RG values) with inner, dense parts etc.. will decrease the kick back force come from the pins. Therefore, excess amount of deflection (more than it is required) will be eliminated.
This is only my theory, and I may be mistaken of course, but manufacturers use dense inner cores, harder materials like ceramic to increase the "hitting power".
I consider myself quite knowledgeable about matching up the core types, surface and the bowler's style, but beyond that it is physics. Unfortunately my degree is in Business Administration and Management, not in Physics
..
Hope some other guys who are more knowledgeable about physics of a bowling ball will chime in..
Regards,
Burak