It isn't an adjustment per se.
Imagine a block of oil where the THS is. There is nothing outside of 10 on either side and the oil stops at 42 feet. Where there is oil, there is skid and where there is no oil, there is friction.
The THS bowler uses the friction to the left or right of the block of oil. This is where their ball begins encountering friction and thus they make adjustments accordingly. Move feet and mark inside will have the ball encounter the friction further down the lane (seeing less friction). Moving outside will encounter friction closer to the foul line (seeing more friction). And this makes sense, if the lanes seem oily, you would move closer to the friction to have the ball be in the friction more and vice-versa for dry lanes.
On sport shots, instead of no oil (friction) to the outside of the block of oil, a bowler must instead rely on the friction at the end of the oil. Usually this means there is less distance the ball is encountering friction since on THS, the ball typically encounters friction before the end of the pattern. Because of this, the ball will generally see the same amount of friction independent of where it exits the oil. Throw the ball down the 1 board on a 40 foot sport shot and your ball will see 20 feet of friction. Throw the ball down 15 and it will still see 20 feet of friction. Because of this, the bowler must instead control how the ball reacts to the friction.
As an example, lets assume a ball will have a reaction shape that gives a 10° angle once it sees friction. Throwing the ball straight down the lane will see a 10° reaction. Throw the ball with a 5° launch angle and you will have a 5° reaction. Thus "controlling" the reaction at the end of the pattern to be less drastic. (This example is extremely general in nature)
And of course, there are many different ways to compound this control with ball selection, drilling and surface adjustments.