I believe the rule is that he has to take that ball out of play and any delivery made with that ball results in a zero score.
On a side note.. I know you can't alter the surface with any abrasive pad but it seems like this rule is more to do with making a ball duller during competition. I think it is funny that the USBC says its completely legal to take a sanded ball and put it in the luster king polishing machine during league play. That definitely alters the surface but it is deemed legal by the USBC. I spoke with them about this and they said it is strictly a monetary issue where the bowling proprietors made a hoopla about it cutting into their revenue if they banned it. There are also other products like Secret Sauce ball polish from Beans, Storm's reacta shine, super shine, xtra shine, and moon shine. I would say these products definitely alter the surface in some way. I'm just not sure what falls into the illegal category of the USBC's definition of "altering surface"
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16-17 mph,350 rpm,PAP 5 1/2 x 3/8up, HighGame 300 x 4, High Series 808
Book Average 205,PBA Xperience ave180