A short lane ball, as Good Times has said, needs to bleed energy and not overreact when it leaves the oil pattern. A 32 foot shot has 28 feet of dry lane so the ball chosen needs to not burn up all of its energy too soon or else it will roll out or become uncontrollable when it hits the dry. An example I see often is trying to use a skid/flip ball thinking the ball will "skid" all the way down the lane and "flip" at the end. Unfortunately, these balls will flip when it sees dry at 32 feet. Balls for short oil are usually solid balls drilled strong so the ball uses energy early. They are typically drilled "pin under" so the ball can use its energy over a longer distance (28 feet of dry).
For a "dry lane", lets assume a lightly oiled42 foot THS pattern. At the beginning, one can use their typical benchmark ball and play the track area of the lane and have success. Because of the length of the oil, there is only 18 feet of dry lane so more equipment can be used. One can through a pearl ball and have enough room at the end for the ball to not "burn up". But as the shot drys up, the bowler will instinctively move inside to find more oil. Unfortunately, balls designed to use energy earlier can have trouble getting back to the pocket when the angle the bowler throws is more extreme from moving inside. In this case, the bowler will need a ball that can save its energy and "glide" through the heads which are now dry and have enough energy to "turn the corner" at the end of the pattern. These balls are typically pearl balls with a typical "pin-up" drill so the ball will use its energy quickly at the end (18 feet of dry).
If you try to use the short oil ball on the "broken down" shot, the dry heads will cause the ball to burn up even quicker and the ball won't turn the corner. Even if you can get the ball through the heads, the ball may not get into a good roll/angle for carry purposes since it was designed to need 28 feet of dry instead of 18 feet. If you try to use the "broken down" shot ball on short oil, the ball will burn all of its energy quickly when it leaves the oil and be hard to control. The ball was designed to use its energy in 18 feet instead of 28 feet.
This is a long ramble and I hope it makes sense.