There of course have been technological advances in both sports but the impact on the actual scoring ability is drastically different.
Longer, lighter clubs haven't changed the fact that you still need the core of the game to be able to score and that's chipping and putting. I play with a lot of golfers who can't break 100 and there is no club out there that will change that. I've also been playing in plenty of local scratch amateur tournaments for years and most of the guys winning and scoring are using clubs several years old. Why? Because the new stuff doesn't help them score better. It still comes down to accuracy, iron play, chipping and putting.
The bowling advances drastically change the scoring ability of all.
In general I agree with most of your points ... but ... technological advances in golf have had a big impact on the sport. How many times have they lengthened Augusta, or other courses. PGA guys were and still are hitting wedges into par 5's on their second shots. Greens are cut short to make putting more difficult. Roughs are grown longer to offer another challenge. Clubs have cavity backs, and offsets and allow the average Joe golfer to score several shots better by lessening the effect of bad ball strikes. There are bad swings in golf that score, just like there are bad swings in bowling that score.
I do agree though, that bowling in general is easier ... and technology has caused that. But if you have ever bowled on flat conditions, you know how tough bowling can be. Just like in golf, playing from the furthest tees with the trickiest pin placements, can make it tough for golfers, regardless of what state of the art clubs they have in the bag.
Bowling has allowed the ease, because high scoring appeases a lot of bowlers. I know lots of golf courses that have removed traps, moved up tees and taken down trees amongst other things to make scoring easier ... under the guise of "speeding up play", and making the local golf pros feel better about their scores.
Personally, I don't think there is such a huge divide between the two sports.
Bad putts go in, and slices sometimes find the best part of the fairway ... just like bad shots in bowling sometimes strike. But lots of bad shots in bowling don't strike, just like not every drive is striped down the middle of the fairway. Of course we all remember the times when someone threw a bad shot (or a series of bad shots) to beat us. Hell our team just lost in the roll-offs when our opponents anchor man, who needed to strike, went Brooklyn in the 10th frame. But I have also lost golf matches to guys who have chunked the ball all over the course, but did just enough to score decent.
I personally don't believe that the divide that has come through advances in technology are that different. It is the lane conditions in bowling that are the issue. You can have the best fitting, most expensive, best matched up drill pattern on your ball, but that isn't gonna make most people shoot 200 on a really tough oil condition.