Yes, they pay to enter. Exempt bowlers pay $500 to enter each tournament (they make $1800 even if they don't make it out of the Round of 64), rabbits pay, I believe, $300 for the PTQ, then another $200 if they make it through. Maybe vice-versa for the rabbits.
They also pay for their own travel and accomodations, which is why most have roommates. Some of the more successful guys travel in a motor home to save on housing costs or to bring their families with them. WRW and PB3 both do that, I think.
They also pay for storage and transportation of equipment on the trucks, drilling from player services (there was an article on the website from one of the PS guys a few weeks ago). Of course, they don't have to use the storage on the truck if they don't want to. They also have to buy equipment unless they're on staff, albeit at a reduced cost. Staffers get equipment for free plus a salary, though few make the kind of money that Barnes, TJ, Malott, and PA (when he was with Track) make.
I've heard that it's about $30K to go out on tour for the year for travel, housing, equipment, food,... On the upside, a lot of it should be tax-deductible.
There's also the off-season which lasts about 6 months. A lot of them work in the industry in some capacity, and many own or work in a pro shop. Doug Kent owns two bowling alleys. They also give lessons and clinics, both during the off season and while touring (Jeff Carter mentions giving lessons while he's home in his blog).
They also have to pay for their own health insurance, income and payroll taxes, retirement,... It's possible that the PBA handles things like tax witholdings for them, I don't know. I would think that they'd try to get group health insurance, at least the 58 exempt guys, but I haven't read anything that indicates that's the case.
It's not particularly good money, and I wouldn't want to try to support a family
without a working spouse. If you were single without a lot of strong roots, it's doable financially, though you may not be living high on the hog.
SH