These aren't really weird, just tips or quick fixes that bowlers have used in the past.
Besides the Chapstick, some bowlers have used soapstone for both their thumb and slide shoe. Others who have encountered swollen thumb have used a handkerchief or a rolled up dollar bill, wrapping it around the thumb and then inserting into the thumb hole to force liquid out of the thumb.
For a slightly loose thumb hole, some bowlers will blow into the thumb hole before placing the thumb into it. Moisture from their breath will help hold onto the ball.
To hold tape onto skin, use Compound Tincture of Benzoin.
To get more slide, you can use teflon discs to make slide pucks for your sliding shoe.